The I-134 form, officially known as the Affidavit of Support, is a critical document used in U.S. family-based immigration applications. It demonstrates that a U.S. citizen or lawful resident has the financial means to support a foreign national coming to the United States.
This guide explains the purpose, requirements, and common scenarios related to the I-134, helping you prepare a complete and accurate application. Understanding each step reduces delays and increases confidence during the immigration process.
| Form Name | Full Title | When Required | Who Signs |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-134 | Affidavit of Support | Family-based immigrant visa or adjustment of status | U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident sponsor |
| I-864 | Affidavit of Support | Most family-based green card cases after 1999 | U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident sponsor |
| DS-160 | Online Nonimmigrant Visa Application | Most temporary (nonimmigrant) visas | Applicant |
| I-130 | Petition for Alien Relative | To establish family relationship for immigration | U.S. citizen or permanent resident petitioner |
Financial Eligibility Criteria for the I-134
Meeting the financial requirements is central to a successful I-134 submission. The sponsor must prove stable income and assets that exceed federal poverty guidelines for the household size.
Acceptable evidence includes recent pay stubs, federal tax returns, W-2 forms, and employment verification. The goal is to show consistent ability to cover housing, food, healthcare, and other basic needs for the sponsored family member.
When joint sponsors are used, their income and assets can be combined with the primary sponsor’s to meet the required threshold. Documentation must be clear, legible, and current to avoid requests for additional evidence.
Documentation Checklist and Submission Process
Organized documentation is essential for a smooth I-134 review. Gather financial proof, identification, and relationship evidence well before your filing date.
- Completed Form I-134 with signature
- Proof of U.S. citizenship or permanent residency
- Current federal tax returns and pay stubs
- Bank statements and asset details
- Proof of relationship to the beneficiary
Submit your package according to the official instructions, including the correct fee or filing waiver if applicable. Keep copies of everything you send and consider using tracking for mailed items.
I-134 vs I-864 Historical Shift
Before 1999, the I-134 was the primary affidavit of support used for family-based immigration cases. After that date, most applicants began using the I-864 form, which introduced stricter requirements and joint sponsor rules.
Some rare categories or historical cases may still request the I-134, but current processes overwhelmingly rely on the I-864. Understanding this difference helps applicants and sponsors avoid confusion when reviewing instructions.
Always verify the exact form name in the Notice of Action or visa bulletin instructions for your specific case and country of origin.
Common Scenarios and Planning Tips
Sponsoring a spouse, parent, or adult child each brings unique financial and logistical considerations. Planning ahead helps you manage expectations and avoid last-minute gaps in documentation.
If you recently became a U.S. citizen or gained permanent residency, confirm your eligibility to serve as a sponsor based on current regulations. Some situations may require a joint sponsor or additional evidence of stability.
Reviewing sample I-134 instructions, even when using I-864, can improve your overall understanding of how support information is evaluated by immigration officers.
Next Steps and Key Takeaways
- Confirm which affidavit of support form applies to your specific case (I-134 or I-864)
- Collect complete financial documents and translated relationship evidence
- Review the latest poverty guidelines and household size rules
- Double-check filing instructions and submission addresses
- Keep copies of everything and track your package if mailed
FAQ
Reader questions
Is the I-134 still used for new applications in 2024?
Most new family-based cases now use Form I-864, but the I-134 may still apply to specific historical or category-based situations. Always follow the form name listed in your official notice.
Can I use my retirement savings as part of my financial proof?
Yes, verified retirement account statements can be included as assets, provided they are accessible and properly documented to support your overall financial ability.
Do I need a joint sponsor if my income is slightly below the guidelines?
If your income falls short, a joint sponsor with sufficient income and assets can help meet the threshold. The joint sponsor must also submit their own supporting documentation.
What happens if I cannot afford a lawyer for my I-134 or I-864 case?
You can prepare and file the form yourself using official instructions. Free or low-cost legal aid organizations in your area may offer limited assistance with complex situations.